نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دکتـری مدرسـی معـارف، گرایـش تاریـخ و تمـدن اسـلامی، دانشـکده الهیـات و ادیـان دانشـگاه شـهید بهشـتی تهـران، ایـران
2 اســتادیارگروه تاریــخ و تمــدن ملــل اســلامی، دانشــکده الهیــات و ادیــان دانشــگاه شــهید بهشــتی،تهران، ایــران
3 دانشیار گروه تاریخ تمدن اسلامی و فقه سیاسی، دانشکده الهیات و ادیان دانشگاه شهید بهشتی،تهران، ایران
4 استادیار گروه تاریخ دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی،تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The recording of historical events has always been one of the principal concerns of historians, and various methods have been employed for this purpose, one of which is "maqtal-nigari" (the writing of maqtals). Maqtal-nigari refers to the recording of details and reports concerning the martyrdom of important figures, particularly the Infallible Imams (AS), among which the event of Karbala and the martyrdom of Imam Husayn (AS) are considered the most prominent and influential. The book Rawzat al-Shuhada (Rawḍat al-Shuhadā’: garden of the martyrs), by Mulla Husayn Kashefi, is one of the most famous and, at the same time, most controversial works in this field, which addresses the events of Ashura. Given the importance of this book and the citations made to it, it is essential to examine the correspondence of the reports contained therein with earlier sources. This research aims to undertake, through an analytical approach, a comparative examination of the manāqib (virtues) transmitted in Rawzat al-Shuhada, particularly concerning Imam Husayn (AS), and to assess the accuracy of their attribution against earlier narrative sources and the verses of the Holy Qur'an.
The book Rawzat al-Shuhada, due to its widespread influence among the general populace and its profound impact on the formation of religious beliefs and mourning practices, has always attracted attention. Nevertheless, some scholars have raised doubts regarding the historical accuracy and validity of certain narrations transmitted therein. The lack of correspondence of certain reports with primary sources redoubles the necessity of conducting a systematic study to examine these reports. This research, relying on the scientific method and comparing the reports of Rawzat al-Shuhada with authoritative narrative sources, as well as citing the verses of the Holy Qur'an, seeks to present a clearer picture of the degree of validity of the content of this work.
The main objective of this research is to examine the correspondence of the manāqib reports contained in Kashefi's Rawzat al-Shuhada, with a focus on the narrations concerning Imam Husayn (AS) and the other Infallible Imams (AS), with the verses of the Qur'an, and to investigate their probable occasions of revelation (sha'n-i nuzūl) and earlier narrative sources. This article addresses the subject by adopting a "descriptive-analytical" approach. At the descriptive stage, the reports and manāqib concerning the Imams (AS), particularly Imam Husayn (AS), have been extracted from Rawzat al-Shuhada and classified. Subsequently, these reports have been carefully examined and compared with the verses of the Holy Qur'an and earlier narrative sources. At the analytical stage, the correspondence of these narrations has been assessed on the basis of Qur'anic and narrative evidence, and their attribution to earlier sources has been discussed and examined. This research is grounded in primary and authoritative Shi'i and Sunni narrative sources. The theoretical framework of the research is based on the premise that the manāqib narrations in Rawzat al-Shuhada should be compared according to scholarly criteria and with reference to authoritative sources, and that the mere transmission of a narration in a book does not constitute proof of its definitive authenticity.
The main body of the article is devoted to the extraction, classification, and comparative examination of the manāqib reports transmitted in Rawzat al-Shuhada, and in this regard, the correspondence of these reports with the verses of the Qur'an and earlier narrative sources is discussed and examined. Finally, the results of the research are presented, and an analysis is offered of the probable reasons for the validity of certain narrations and the invalidity of others.
The results of this research indicate that the book Rawzat al-Shuhada contains a collection of reports and narrations that vary in degree with respect to their correspondence. Based on the examinations conducted, some of the manāqib transmitted in Rawzat al-Shuhada correspond with the verses of the Holy Qur'an. This means that the relevant narrations either directly refer to the occasions of revelation of verses revealed concerning the Imams (AS), or offer an interpretation of Qur'anic verses that is consonant with the virtues of the Imams (AS). In addition to their Qur'anic basis, some of these manāqib are also found in earlier narrative sources. However, another portion of the manāqib transmitted in Rawzat al-Shuhada are not only not found in earlier narrative sources, but also lack any Qur'anic basis whatsoever. These findings indicate that the book Rawzat al-Shuhada, although it is regarded as a work of note in explaining the event of Ashura and the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), nonetheless, like any other historical work, requires critical examination and the comparison of its content using authoritative sources and scholarly methods.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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