نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری سیره پیامبراعظم(ص)، جامعه المصطفی العالمیه، قم، ایران
2 گروه آموزش معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The Kaaba, recognized as the qibla (direction of prayer) and the most sacred site for Muslims worldwide, extends beyond the boundaries of Islam, being deeply rooted in the history of the Abrahamic faiths. According to Islamic beliefs, this sacred house was first built by Prophet Abraham (AS) and his son, Prophet Ishmael (AS), upon foundations originally laid by Prophet Adam (AS). Throughout history, this structure has been damaged, repaired, and reconstructed due to various factors. One of the most significant events related to the reconstruction of the Kaaba occurred in the pre-Islamic period, during the lifetime of the Messenger of God (SAWA), and was undertaken by the Quraysh tribe. This event has consistently attracted the attention of Islamic scholars and historians due to the pivotal role played by Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) in it. In most historical and narrative sources, the Prophet's age at the time of this reconstruction is reported to be approximately thirty-five years. However, this claim is open to doubt based on various details and evidence found across different sources. The primary objective of this research is to examine the validity of this claim and to conduct a more precise revision of the age of Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) during the reconstruction of the Kaaba. The main problem addressed by this research is to clarify the exact date of this event and compare it with the widely accepted and well-known age of the Messenger of God (SAWA) at that time. Given the importance of this issue in Islamic history and its impact on understanding other historical events concerning the life of the Holy Prophet (SAWA), a thorough and documented analysis of the narratives and historical texts is essential. To achieve the main objective of the research—namely, determining the precise time of the Kaaba's reconstruction and the Prophet's age at that significant historical event—a descriptive-analytical methodology has been employed. This method includes a phase of collecting authentic historical and narrative data and reports, followed by a meticulous analysis of these reports to extract reliable conclusions. In the data collection phase, a variety of sources have been utilized, including authoritative works on Islamic history, Sīrah literature of the Messenger of God (SAWA), and collections of traditions (ḥadīth). These sources were primarily selected from early works of Muslim historians, such as Ibn Isḥāq, Ṭabarī, and other prominent historians, along with ḥadīth collections and Sīrah reports. The selection of these sources was carried out carefully to ensure their chain of transmission (isnad) and content reliability. After gathering the sources, the credibility of the chains of transmission for the narratives is assessed to minimize the possibility of distortion, error, or exaggeration. Subsequently, various reports are compared and cross-referenced to reveal inconsistencies and differences present in the narratives. For instance, while some sources may mention the Prophet's age at the Kaaba's reconstruction as thirty-five, other sources might record a different age or place the event in a different, less famous year. Such discrepancies are carefully examined and explained through logical and historical analysis. The comparative method allows this research to achieve a coherent and comprehensive picture rather than simply accepting individual narratives in isolation, thereby avoiding superficial interpretations and ensuring that the final inference is based on reliable data and scientific reasoning. The results of this investigation indicate that the well-known and widely accepted belief that the Messenger of God (SAWA) was thirty-five years old during the Kaaba's reconstruction is most likely based on inaccurate interpretations or undocumented readings of historical texts. The findings suggest that this event occurred at a younger age, specifically during the Prophet Muhammad’s adolescence or early youth. This discovery, in addition to correcting the historiography concerning the Prophet’s life, may contribute to a better understanding of the Prophet’s position and the social and political conditions of Mecca prior to his Prophetic mission (biʿtha). In conclusion, this research emphasizes that a precise and documented re-examination of historical narratives to determine the exact dating of events can be key to resolving some ambiguities in the lives of major historical figures, particularly the Prophet (SAWA). It can offer new perspectives for understanding the life, history, and Sīrah of the Prophet (SAWA) as well as the historical circumstances of that period.
Authors’ Contribution: The first author was responsible for data collection, document analysis, and writing the substantive sections of the article. The second author actively participated in the process of source review, critical textual analysis, and final revisions.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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