بررسی تشکیلات سیاسی حکومت حمودیان شیعه در اندلس

This article analyzes the structure and functioning of the political organization of the Shiite Hammoud government in Andalusia (407-446 AH). This government, which emerged in the context of the collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba and the resulting vacuum of legitimacy, attempted to establish a new legitimacy in the turbulent environment of Andalusia by emphasizing the Alawi lineage and adopting the Shiite religion. Studies show that the Hamudid political organization, although influenced by the previous administrative traditions of Andalusia, also displayed flexibility to respond to the necessities of its time. At the top of this structure was the "caliphate", which was largely symbolic in nature but emphasized the Alawite identity. After that, the position of "Hajib" served as the highest executive authority and the backbone of the country's administration, alongside him, "ministers" were also responsible for specialized matters. The judicial system, with a powerful and independent presence, was of particular importance; The appointment of judges such as Ibn Zu'i' and Abu Mutraf Abd al-Rahman ibn Hissar reflected the Hamudites' attempt to gain legitimacy through the restoration of religious justice, although the fragility of this position in the face of political changes is noteworthy. The role of "advisors" as the brains and visionaries of the government is considered vital and strategic. The selection of these individuals from among jurists and muftis (such as Hussein bin Salman) indicated the use of religious wisdom and practical knowledge in decision-making, as well as oversight of internal security. However, the fates of such figures as Abu Amir Ahmad and Saeed ibn Sahl al-Sharfi reflect the vulnerability of this position to court intrigue and power fluctuations. Overall, the Hamudian government, despite its clear administrative organization and the use of religious and political elites, did not last long due to political instability, internal and external rivalries, and challenges arising from the tension between the Shiite identity and the Sunni majority of Andalusia. The analysis of the political organization of this period not only provides deep insight into the dynamics of power in Islamic Andalusia, but also illustrates an example of the effort to organize and govern in a critical environment.
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This article analyzes the structure and functioning of the political organization of the Shiite Hammoud government in Andalusia (407-446 AH). This government, which emerged in the context of the collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba and the resulting vacuum of legitimacy, attempted to establish a new legitimacy in the turbulent environment of Andalusia by emphasizing the Alawi lineage and adopting the Shiite religion. Studies show that the Hamudid political organization, although influenced by the previous administrative traditions of Andalusia, also displayed flexibility to respond to the necessities of its time. At the top of this structure was the "caliphate", which was largely symbolic in nature but emphasized the Alawite identity. After that, the position of "Hajib" served as the highest executive authority and the backbone of the country's administration, alongside him, "ministers" were also responsible for specialized matters. The judicial system, with a powerful and independent presence, was of particular importance; The appointment of judges such as Ibn Zu'i' and Abu Mutraf Abd al-Rahman ibn Hissar reflected the Hamudites' attempt to gain legitimacy through the restoration of religious justice, although the fragility of this position in the face of political changes is noteworthy. The role of "advisors" as the brains and visionaries of the government is considered vital and strategic. The selection of these individuals from among jurists and muftis (such as Hussein bin Salman) indicated the use of religious wisdom and practical knowledge in decision-making, as well as oversight of internal security. However, the fates of such figures as Abu Amir Ahmad and Saeed ibn Sahl al-Sharfi reflect the vulnerability of this position to court intrigue and power fluctuations. Overall, the Hamudian government, despite its clear administrative organization and the use of religious and political elites, did not last long due to political instability, internal and external rivalries, and challenges arising from the tension between the Shiite identity and the Sunni majority of Andalusia. The analysis of the political organization of this period not only provides deep insight into the dynamics of power in Islamic Andalusia, but also illustrates an example of the effort to organize and govern in a critical environment.