نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه تاریخ و تمدن ملل اسلامی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
2 تاریخ و تمدن ملل اسلامی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Abyssinia, an ancient land in East Africa with a civilization spanning over two millennia, was the first refuge of a group of the Prophet’s Companions. Before Islam had firmly spread in Arabia, it was introduced to Abyssinia during the first migration, marking a turning point in the history of Islam’s expansion. Yet, a question rarely examined is whether the emigrants, upon their return to the Hejaz, brought back elements of Abyssinian heritage, customs, and practices. This study has examined the existing reports using a descriptive-analytical method. In the event of the Hijrah, a number of Muslims migrated to Abyssinia at the command of the Prophet (PBUH) to be under the protection of the Negus. Abyssinia was not an unknown land for the Arabs, and they had traveled there for trade before Islam. The Muslims who migrated to Abyssinia lived in Abyssinia until the seventh year of the Hijrah, that is, for 15 years, and due to their long stay, they were naturally influenced by the social environment there. As a result, after returning, they brought part of the cultural and social heritage of this land to the Arabian Peninsula. The most important of these legacies were: a dowry of four thousand dirhams. During the time of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), the dowry for women was twelve and a half ounces, equivalent
to approximately five thousand dirhams or five hundred dinars, and some followed his tradition. During the time of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, most Muslims followed the tradition of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). During the Umayyad period, the dowry was often four thousand dirhams, and some caliphs also placed great emphasis on this amount of dowry. Regarding the origin of this amount, sources state that the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) sent a messenger to Negus to request marriage with Umm Habiba, one of the women who had immigrated to Abyssinia. Negus set a dowry of four thousand dirhams or four hundred dinars for Umm Habiba. This became a tradition, especially during the Umayyad period, because Umm Habiba was the sister of Muawiyah, the founder of the Umayyad dynasty. It seems that this led them to set the amount of Umm Habiba's dowry as a standard for all Muslim women in order to raise the status of Muawiyah's family and his sister among Muslims. The covered coffin is the second legacy that was transferred from Abyssinia to the Islamic society. The coffin was common among the Arabs before Islam, but its covered form was a tradition derived from Abyssinian culture that became popular in the early Islamic period and during the death of Hazrat Fatima (PBUH). The narration related to the coffin has been narrated in different forms in the sources. Although there are differences in the narrators and even for whom the first covered coffin was made, all sources agree that Asma bent Umays first taught using such coffin according to what she learned from the burial ceremonies of the Abyssinians. It is narrated that Hazrat Fatima (PBUH) said to Asma bint Umays: How disgusting are the coffins that are made for women; because in them a covering is thrown over the body and the body of the deceased is visible to the people. Asma asked for fresh pieces of wood and smoothed them and tied them tightly together, and then she threw a cloth over them. Upon seeing that coffin, Hazrat Fatima (PBUH) said: What a beautiful coffin in which it is not clear whether the deceased one is a man or a woman. Hazrat Fatima (PBUH) asked him to make such a coffin for her too. Since most sources also refer to the making of the first coffin for Hazrat Fatima (PBUH), it can be concluded that the first coffin in the Abyssinian style was related to the coffin of Hazrat Fatima (PBUH). The third legacy that was transferred to the Islamic community by the Abyssinian immigrants was some herbal medicines. For example, when the Messenger of God (PBUH) was sick and physically weak, they rubbed a herbal concoction into his mouth. The concoction was made from a mixture of several herbal medicines having been learned by Asmaa, daughter of Umays, from the land of Abyssinia.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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