Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
PhD student in Islamic History, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2
Emeritus Professor, Department of History, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3
Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Iranian History, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic History, Faculty of Quranic and Hadith Sciences, International University of Islamic Religions, Tehran, Iran.
10.22081/hiq.2025.71230.2443
Abstract
Political systems and domination structures arising from the text of human societies are formed either by relying on force, or on the basis of financial possession, or on the basis of religious ideas; By whatever method they gain power, they need two main indicators of legitimacy and acceptability. legitimacy; In fact, the validity and competence of the power structure on the part of religious ideas (including transcendental and mythological beliefs, polytheism and monotheism), and acceptability; Indeed, it is accepted by the people. Therefore, every political and governmental system needs both of them to continue its life. The Umayyads are the first dynastic government that reached the caliphate in the first Islamic era. Since the Umayyads achieved the caliphate with military power, they always faced political and social challenges in stabilizing their rule. This issue was more apparent in the Marwanian era and caused political and social tensions with political opponents and rivals. The present study, with a historical approach and descriptive analytical method, seeks to answer what methods did the Marwani rulers use to solve the crisis of legitimacy? The findings of the research show that, in order to contain the internal uprisings and reduce the crisis of legitimacy, the Marwani rulers resorted to creating hadiths attributed to the Prophet (PBUH) with the help of related narrators in order to make the Umayyad government appear legitimate.
Key words: Marwanians, legitimacy, acceptability, hadith creation, consecration of caliphate, consecration of Shaam.
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