The development of the idea of takfir; From a belief behavior to jurisprudence of verbal beliefs

Takfir is a religious behavior in various societies throughout human history. This issue has existed in the Islamic world since the era of the Messenger of God (PBUH) and of course, it has undergone various changes in the course of events. The following article aims to find out why and how the Takfiri thought developed in the first three centuries of Islam, in an effort to find an answer about how this thought changed, by collecting library information, describing and analyzing historical-hadith and interpretive data, to this result. It has been found that the idea of takfir over time has emerged from a simple structure within religion, but after turning into two religious and political branches, from an individual behavior and arising from social conditions, over time, under the influence of governments, it has become a political function. has seen In the next step, as a result of the efforts of theologians, it was transformed into a theological theory, and through the orators and Ahl al-Hadith, it took on a jurisprudential aspect, and finally, in the form of a new version, it entered the social arena and became a religious tool to fight and eliminate rivals.