نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه آموزش معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه تاریخ اسلام، دانشگاه باقرالعلوم(ع)، قم، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
This study seeks to examine the strategies and stances adopted by Imam Ali (A.S.) in his engagement with the qaedin—a group of individuals who refrained from active political participation during his caliphate, claiming their abstention was a means of avoiding civil sedition. The research addresses the contemporary relevance of this historical issue, raising the question: In light of the principles embodied in Imam Ali (A.S.) interactions with qaedin, what behavioral guidelines should govern our own engagement with silent or internally dissenting factions. The term qaedin, derived from qoʿud (to sit), in Qor’anic usage, denotes those who refrained from striving alongside the mujahidin. It came to refer specifically to individuals who, despite bearing a moral and religious responsibility to support truth and justice, chose passivity in times of moral crisis. During the Prophet’s (PBUH) time, such individuals were reproached in the Qur’an for their failure to engage in jihad. Similarly, during Imam Ali’s caliphate, certain notable figures either refused to pledge allegiance altogether or withdrew from active support after initial allegiance. These individuals, despite being from among the political elite, distanced themselves from military and governmental affairs, and their inaction had detrimental socio-political consequences—particularly by weakening public morale and undermining the legitimacy of Imam Ali’s government. Prominent members of this group included ʿAbdollāh ibn ʿUmar (d. 73 A.H), Saʿd ibn Abi Waqqaṣ (d. 55 A.H), Moḥammad ibn Moslemah (d. 43 A.H), and Usamah ibn Zayd (d. 52 A.H). Imam Ali (A.S.) described them as those
who "abandoned truth and failed to support falsehood." Their stance offered tacit encouragement to adversaries and contributed to the erosion of Islamic governance. The qaedin—a phenomenon that has existed since the Prophet’s era—eventually developed into a distinct ideological and theological orientation. These individuals often justified their passivity through selective reference to Qur’anic verses and Prophetic traditions, framing political participation as sedition, portraying the public as ignorant, and casting doubt on the legitimacy and feasibility of Imam Ali’s government. Given the Islamic emphasis on discerning and following the truth, it is imperative to study the approach of the Ahl al-Bayt (A.S.), particularly that of Imam Ali (A.S.), in confronting the ideological underpinnings and sociopolitical behaviors of the qaedin. Adopting a descriptive-analytical methodology, this research explores the concrete policies and rhetorical strategies Imam Ali (A.S.) employed in response to this group, which, despite not openly opposing his caliphate, refrained from aiding the Islamic government and, through their silence, contributed to societal doubt and hesitation. Imam Ali’s strategies included a diverse array of measures: tolerating their initial refusal to pledge allegiance, offering sincere counsel and admonishment, exposing the inconsistencies in their reasoning and behavior, publicly censuring and marginalizing them, denying them the social and spiritual privileges reserved for mujahidin, holding them accountable to communal obligations, maintaining vigilant oversight, preserving public order and allegiance, emphasizing rationality over emotionalism, promoting intellectual discernment of truth and falsehood, and discouraging the general populace from engaging in extremist reactions against them.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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