نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه ایرانشناسی، دانشکده ایرانشناسی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر(عج)، رفسنجان، ایران.
2 استادیار، گروه ایرانشناسی، دانشکده ایرانشناسی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر(عج)، رفسنجان، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
One of the significant economic issues of the twelfth century A.H was the devaluation of Iran's currency. The present study aims to examine the political factors contributing to the monetary devaluation of Iran during this period, using a descriptive-analytical method. This inquiry conceptualizes politics as the independent variable and economy as the dependent one, in order to evaluate the degree to which economic decline was influenced by political dynamics. To this end, the monetary developments of Iran in the twelfth century A.H are investigated, with specific attention to the role of political factors during the periods of the Afghan occupation (1135–1142 A.H), the Afsharid dynasty (1148–1210 A.H), and the Zandiyeh dynasty (1173–1209 A.H). The findings of the research indicate that the twelfth century A.H—marked by the fall of the Safavid dynasty and preceding the rise of the Qajar state—was a critical transitional era in Iranian history, characterized
by political, economic, and social deterioration. A series of internal and external wars, persistent rebellions, and flawed policies implemented by ruling elites imposed heavy economic and social costs on the country, plunging Iran into a deep crisis. Political instability, the fragmentation of centralized authority, the emergence of competing power centers, excessive taxation, widespread insecurity, looting, and the decline of the economically active population led to widespread recession, economic stagnation, disruption in production and trade (both domestic and foreign), as well as the deterioration of the monetary system and production mechanisms, ultimately resulting in further devaluation of the currency. Another consequence of misguided domestic and foreign policies was the shortage of monetary metals, which compelled the authorities to reduce the purity (fineness) and weight of minted coins in order to meet fiscal demands. Governments facing financial strain frequently adopted such practices as a means of addressing economic shortfalls. However, the deliberate debasement of coinage, which symbolized a reduction in the currency’s intrinsic value, led to rampant price increases and widespread inflation. Hence, in determining the domestic value of currency, it is essential to consider the general price level: an increase in prices corresponds to a decrease in the currency’s value, and vice versa. In conclusion, the study identifies the primary causes of monetary devaluation in twelfth-century Iran—with an emphasis on political factors—as the weakening of the country’s economic foundations due to persistent political instability arising from recurrent internal and external conflicts, alongside the debasement of coinage by central authorities.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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