The Function of Caliphate Structure in the Second Era of the Fatimid Caliphate (487-567 A. H) Against the Crusaders in the Levant

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

..Lecturer at Al-Zahra Technical College

10.22081/hiq.2023.60120.2145

Abstract

The second era of the Fatimid Caliphate (487-567 A. H) coincided with the attacks of the Crusader forces in the Levant; a period in which difficult conditions arose for the Fatimids due to the extensive influence of the viziers, and the political and social turmoil alongside the two threatening powers of Abbasids and the Seljuks. Therefore, the Crusader attacking the Levant in the second era of the Fatimid Caliphate weakened the authority of this government in the east of the Islamic world. The present study is to analyze the political-military structure as well as the internal and external factors in the second era of Fatimid Caliphate against the Crusaders, taking advantage of Giddens's structural theory. The research findings clarify that the weak performance of the political structure due to the lack of legitimacy of the caliphs and the authority of the ministers, the ineffectiveness of the military structure due to the heterogeneity of the army and the dispute between the commanders, the ineffectiveness of internal (ministers) and external agents (local governors of the Levant), weakened the Fatimid authority against the Crusaders in the Levant.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

أداء هیکل الخلافة فی العصر الثانی للخلافة الفاطمیة (487-567هـ ق) ضد الصلیبیین فی الشامات

Abstract [العربیة]

زامن العصر الثانی للخلافة الفاطمیة (487-567هـ ق) مع هجمات القوات الصلیبیة على الشامات؛ وهی فترة نشأت فیها ظروف صعبة ضد الفاطمیین بسبب النفوذ الواسع للوزراء من جهة، والاضطرابات السیاسیة والاجتماعیة إلى جانب قوتی التهدید العباسیین والسلاجقة من جهة أخرى. ولذلک فإن هجمات الصلیبیین على الشامات فی العصر الثانی للخلافة الفاطمیة أضعفت قوة هذه الحکومة فی شرق العالم الإسلامی.
یحاول البحث الحالی تحلیل البنیة السیاسیة - العسکریة والعُمّال الداخلیین والخارجیین للفترة الثانیة من الخلافة الفاطمیة ضد الصلیبیین باستخدام نظریة الهیکلة لجیدنز . وتشیر نتائج البحث إلى أن ضعف أداء البنیة السیاسیة بسبب عدم شرعیة الخلفاء واستیلاء الوزراء على السلطة مع عدم کفاءة البنیة العسکریة بسبب تباین الجیش واختلاف القادة وکذلک عدم کفاءة العمال الداخلیین (الوزراء) والعمّال الخارجیین (ولاة الشامات المحلیین) تسبب فی إضعاف بنیة السلطة الفاطمیة فی مواجهة الصلیبیین فی الشامات.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الخلافة الفاطمیة
  • الصلیبیون
  • الشامات
  • مؤسسة الوزارة
  • نظریة الهیکلة

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