The Encounter of Iranian Writers of Travelogue with the Manifestations of New Civilization in Istanbul and Egypt, Emphasizing on Travelogues of Hajj and Sacred Threshold

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associateprofessor of history department, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.

2 Ph. D candidate of history of Islam, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.

3 Assistant orofessor of history department, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.

10.22081/hiq.2024.67911.2361

Abstract

Considering that Hijaz was located in the territory of the Ottoman government, Iranian pilgrims used to go there to visit the sacred thresholds and Jerusalem and perform Hajj rituals. In the territory of Ottoman Empire (678 -1341A. H.), especially in Istanbul and Egypt, they witnessed some innovations surprising and wonderful for them, so that they reflected their observations in their writings. These pilgrims tried to share their findings with their countrymen through the travelogues.
The question of this research is to what extent the encounter of Iranian pilgrims with the elements of Western civilization led to new questions in their minds in terms of epistemology. This research done through the descriptive-analytical method and mainly based on the information available in the travelogues and some other research works, has come to the conclusion that the encounter of Iranian pilgrims with the new manifestations of Western civilization was surprise toward cultural, artistic, social and industrial domains that led some of them to transfer this technology to Iran.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

مواجهة الرحالة الإیرانیین مع مظاهر الحضارة الحدیثة فی إسطنبول ومصر مع الترکیز على کتب رحلات الحج والعتبات المقدسة

Abstract [العربیة]

نظراً لأن أرض الحجاز کانت من ضمن أراضی الحکومة العثمانیة، کان الحجاج الإیرانیون یقصدونها لزیارة العتبات المقدسة، وبیت القدس وأداء مناسک الحج. وفی أراضی الحکم العثمانی (1341ق-678)، ولا سیما فی إسطنبول ومصر،کان یشاهد هؤلاء الحجاج بعض الابتکارات والاختراعات التی تثیرهم إعجاباً ودهشةً حیث عکسوا ملاحظاتهم فی کتبهم. وحاول هؤلاء إشراک مواطنیهم فی هذه العجائب من خلال کتب الرحلات.

یسعی هذا البحث للإجابة علی هذا السؤال هو إلى أی مدى أدت مواجهة الحجاج الإیرانیین مع عناصر الحضارة الغربیة إلى ظهور أسئلة جدیدة فی أذهانهم من وجهة نظر المعرفة. وقد توصل هذا البحث المُنظّم وفق أسلوب وصفی – تحلیلی الذی یعتمد بشکل أساسی على المعلومات المتوفرة فی کتب الرحلات وبعض الأعمال البحثیة الأخرى، إلى أن مواجهة الحجاج الإیرانیین مع المظاهر الحدیثة للحضارة الغربیة و الإعجاب أمام مظاهر الحضارة الجدیدة فی الأشکال الثقافیة، والفنیة، والاجتماعیة، والصناعیة ودفعت بعضهم إلى التفکیر فی نقل التکنولوجیا إلى إیران.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الحجاج الإیرانیون
  • الخلافة العثمانیة
  • کتب الرحلات
  • الحضارة الغربیة
  • إسطنبول
  • مصر

References

Asef, Y. B. (1995). History of Bani Osman sultans from the beginning to the present. Cairo: Madbouli School.
Afshar Arumi, M. A. H. (2010). Fifty Qajar Hajj travel books (Mecca travel book 1299 AH) (Vol. 4, Ed. Rasul Jafarian). Tehran: Elm.
Al-Kilani, J. F., & Al-Amidi, Z. (2013). History of the Ottoman State and Men and Events. Maghreb: Organization for Education, Culture and Science.
Amin al-Dowleh, M. A. (2010). Fifty Qajar Hajj travel books (Mecca travel book 1316 AH) (Vol. 6, Ed. Rasul Jafarian). Tehran: Elm.
National Geography Association. (2014). Great Empires of History (Fahima Hesaraki, Trans.). Tehran: Joya Publications.
Ahri, N. A. (2013). Fourteen other Qajar Haj travelogues (travelogue of Mecca 1328 A. H) (Ed. Rasul Jafarian). Tehran: Elm.
Bammad, M. (1984). Biography of the nobles of Iran in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries of Hijri (Vol. 1). Tehran: Zavar.
Bokharai, R. (2010). Fifty Qajar Haj travel books (Travel book of Mecca 1303 A. H) (Vol. 4, Ed. Rasul Jafarian). Tehran: Elm.
Pourhossein, N. (2011). "Dar al-Fanuni Theater; The first new theater in the style of Farangestan." Teatar Journal, No. 4.
Pirzadeh, M. A. I. M. I. (1963). Haji Pirzadeh's travel book (Vol. 2, Ed. Hafez Farman farmaiyan). Tehran: Tehran University Publications.
Tabrizi, Y. M. (2010). Fifty Qajar travelogues of Hajj (Hajj of Mansour 1285 A. H) (Ed. Rasul Jafarian, Vol. 2). Tehran: Elm.
Takabi, S. (2010). Fifty Qajar Hajj travel books (Hajj Name 1310 A. H) (Ed. Rasul Jafarian, Vol. 6). Tehran: Elm.
Javaish, S. I. Kh. (2014). Al-Tohfat al-sunniyah in the history of Constantinople. Cairo: Handawi Publications.
Haddad, R. (2017). Pages of the history of the Ottoman Empire. Alexandria: Dar al-Kotob va al-Derasat al-Arabiyah.
Hossam al-Saltaneh, H. S. (2010). Fifty Qajar Hajj travelogues (Mecca travelogue 1297 A. H) (Ed. Rasul Jafarian, Vol. 4). Tehran: Elm.
Rais al-Zakerin. (2009). Fifty Qajar Hajj travel books (Hajj travel books 1319 A. H) (Vol. 7, Ed. Rasul Jafarian). Tehran: Elm.
Saree-al-Qalam, M. (2013). Iranian authoritarianism in the Qajar era. Tehran: Foruzan.
Saidian, A. H. (2006). Encyclopedia of cities of World. Tehran: Elm Zendegi Publications.
Saqzai Majdi, A. K. (2010). Fifty travelogues of Qajar Hajj (Travelogue of Mecca and Sacred Threshold 1305 A. H) (Ed. Rasul Jafarian, Vol. 5). Tehran: Elm.
Saif al-Doulah, S. M. (2010). Fifty Qajar Hajj travel books (Mecca travel book 1208 AH) (Ed. Rasul Jafarian, Vol. 5). Tehran: Elm.
Tabatabaei, J. (1980). Reflections on Iran (Vol. 2). Tehran: Minovi Kherad.
Tabatabaei Tabrizi, S. M. R. (2010). Fifty travelogues of Hajj Qajar (Travelogue of Mecca 1296 AH) (Ed. Rasul Jafarian, Vol. 3). Tehran: Elm.
Tabatabaei Diba, N. S. (2010). Fifty Qajar Hajj travelogues (Mecca - Farang Naseri travelogue 1317 AH) (Ed. Rasul Jafarian, Vol. 5). Tehran: Elm.
Alavi Kermani. (2010). Fifty Qajar Hajj travel journals (Journal of Hajj Travels, Sacred Threshold and Naseri Court 1309 A. H) (Ed. Rasul Jafarian, Vol. 5). Tehran: Elm.
Fakhr al-Molk, A. (1993). From Harim to Haram. Tehran: National Records Organization of Iran.
Farahani, M. (2010). Fifty Qajar Hajj travelogues (travelogue of Mecca 1302 A. H) (Ed. Rasul Jafarian, Vol. 5). Tehran: Elm.
Flor, W. (n.d.). History of paper in Iran (Saba Karkhiran, Trans.). Tehran: Iranology.
Qaragozlu, A. (2010). Fifty Qajar Hajj travelogues (Travelogue of Mecca 1319 A. H) (Ed. Rasul Jafarian, Vol. 7). Tehran: Elm.
Law. (1928). No. 1.
Law. (1928). No. 2.
Kazaruni, M. E. (2010). Fifty Qajar Hajj travel books (Mecca travel book 1315 A. H) (Vol. 5, Ed. Rasul Jafarian). Tehran: Elm.
Mehboubi Ardakani, H. (1991). History of new civilization institutes in Iran (Vol. 1). Tehran: Tehran University Publications.
Madir al-Dawlah, M. M. (2009). Fifty Qajar Hajj Travelogues (Details of the journey to Mecca) (Vol. 7, Ed. Rasul Jafarian). Tehran: Elm.
Motamedal Doulah, F. M. (2010). Fifty Qajar Hajj travelogues (travelogue of Mecca in 1292 A. H) (Ed. Rasul Jafarian, Vol. 3). Tehran: Elm.
Mousavi Esfahani, M. (2013). Fourteen other Qajar Hajj travelogues (newspaper of travel to Mashhad, Mecca, Atbat) (Ed. Rasul Jafarian). Tehran: Mashaar Publications.
Author unknown. (2010). Fifty Qajar Hajj travel books (Atbat and Hajj travel books 1317 A. H) (Vol. 6, Ed. Rasul Jafarian). Tehran: Elm.
Mohajerani, M. H. (2013). Journey to the region of love (Ed. Seyyed Khalil Tavusi). Qom: Assembly of Islamic Resources.
Vazir-Uzaif, M. D. (2019). Fifty Qajar Hajj travel books (Mecca travel book 1322 A. H) (Vol. 7). Tehran: Elm.
History of Islam
Volume 25, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
September 2024
Pages 171-202

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics