Comparison of Types of Taxation in Islamic civilization with the Emphasis on the Financial Monographs in the First Five Centuries of Islam

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph. D in shiite history, Isfahan university, Iran.

2 Professor of history, University of Isfahan, Iran.

3 professor of history department, University of Isfahan, Iran

4 Ph. D in history of Islam, University of Isfahan, Iran.

10.22081/hiq.2023.56829.2006

Abstract

One of the characteristics of historiography in Islamic civilization is investigating the financial aspect of Islamic society along with the political, cultural and social history. Since the early Islamic centuries, many monographs were written concerning the financial issues including market, property, jizya, dinar and dirham, trade, earnings, industries, zakat, khums, weights and amounts, currencies and income. Moreover, the historical sources about conquests, general histories, geographical books, local histories as well as comprehensive hadith and jurisprudential books, contain a lot of important information about financial issues. Financial monographs can be classified into various types based on the author's position, motivations and writing factors, writing methodology and the way the authors look at the financial issues. Relying on the descriptive-analytical method and historiographical sources and indexes through the library study, the main question if research has been answered on what were the types of Muslims' taxation based on the financial monographs in first five centuries A. H. According to the findings of research, it can be concluded that three types of jurisprudential-traditional, historical-chronological and political-official, were the main types of Muslims' taxation

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

مقارنة لکیفیة الکتابة المالیة فی الحضارة الإسلامیة من خلال التأکید على المونوغرافیا المالیة فی القرون الخمسة الإسلامیة الأولى

Abstract [العربیة]

إحدى خصائص التأریخ فی الحضارة الإسلامیة، هی دراسة الجانب المالی للمجتمع الإسلامی بالإضافة إلى التاریخ السیاسی و الثقافی و الاجتماعی. منذ أوائل القرون الإسلامیة، تمت کتابة العدید من الدراسات حول القضایا المالیة و تحت عناوین مختلفة مثل: الأسواق، الأموال، الجزیة، الدینار و الدرهم، التجارة، المکاسب التجاریة ، الصنائع، الزکاة، الخمس، الأوزان و الکمیات و الأسعار وما شابه ذلک. علاوة على ذلک، تحتوی المصادر التاریخیة على معلومات مهمة مرتبطة بالمسائل المالیة و تتضمن الحدیث حول الفتوحات، التواریخ العامة، الکتب الجغرافیّة ، التواریخ المحلیة، بالإضافة إلى کتب الحدیث و الفقه الشاملة.






یمکن تصنیف المونوغرافیا المالیة إلى أنواع مختلفة بناءًا على موقف المؤلف، الدوافع، أسباب التألیف، منهجیة التألیف، و الطریقة التی ینظر بها الکتّاب إلى المسائل المالیّة. فی هذه الدراسة تم الاستناد إلى المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی، بالإضافة إلى استخدام المصادر التاریخیة و الفهارس، و الاستعانة بالمطالعة المکتبیّة. و قد تمت الإجابة على السؤال الرئیسی: ما هی أنواع الکتابة المالیة للمسلمین بالإتکاء على المونوغرافیا المالیة فی القرون الخمسة الأولى للهجرة؟






وفقاً لنتائج البحث، و رداً على السؤال یمکن القول أن هناک ثلاث أنواع أصلیّة لکیفیة الکتابة الملیة للمسلمین و هی: فقهیة-حدیثیة، تاریخیة-کتابة وقائع، و سیاسیة-اداریة

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الکتابة المالیة
  • التاریخ الاقتصادی
  • تاریخ الإسلام
  • تدوین التأریخ الإسلامی

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History of Islam
Volume 24, Issue 96 - Serial Number 96
December 2024
Pages 83-120

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