Analysis of the Policies of Al-Mowafaq Bellah Abbasi to Suppress the Rebellion of Saheb al-Zanj

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Associate professor of history, University of Esfahan , Esfahan, Iran

10.22081/hiq.2022.58734.2116

Abstract

The uprising of slaves led by Ali ibn Mohammad al-Zanj (270 A. H) against Abbasid caliphate is one of the most significant events in the middle of the third century After Hijrah. The favorable conditions for the uprising of slaves on the one hand, and the genius of Ali ibn Mohammad on the other hand, led to the rebellion of his supporters, the development of a government and the construction of cities and numerous consequences for the people of Khuzestan and southern Iraq. The Negros repeatedly crushed the forces of caliphate; however, Al-Muwafaq Bellah Abbasi (278 A. H) could finally defeat the Negros during an exhausting three-year-war and ended their rebellion and fifteen-year- government.
In this article, relying on the descriptive analytical approach, the policies of Al-Mowafaq Bellah against the Negros and the reasons for their success have been investigated. According to the findings of this study, the most successful policies were vigilance and prevention of captivity in ambushes of Negros, providing modern military equipment such as warships for fighting in swamps and rivers, and trenches, regulating the income and expenses of the court of caliphate and regular payment of pensions to the soldiers involved in war with the Negros, providing safety and pension for the fugitive Negros, taking advantage of the military and security information of the fugitive Negros, trying to free the families of Muslims caught in the hands of the Negros, achieving public confidence through repairing roads and restoring bridges and finally developing commerce in the areas recaptured from the Negros.

Keywords

Article Title [العربیة]

تحلیل تکتیکات الموفق بالله العباسی فی قمع ثورة صاحب الزَّنْج

Abstract [العربیة]

تعتبر ثورة العبید التی قادها علی بن محمد صاحب الزنج (ت 270هـ) ضد الخلافة العباسیة من أهم أحداث منتصف القرن الثالث الهجری. و قد أدت الظروف المواتیة لانتفاضة العبید من جهة، و الشخصیّة العبقریة لعلی بن محمد من جهة أخرى إلى تمرد أنصاره، مما أدى إلى تشکیل حکومة و بناء مدن، بالإضافة إلى نتائج متعددة کان لها تأثیرها على سکان خوزستان و جنوب العراق. و قد هزم الزنوج قوات الخلافة لمرات عدیدة، و لکن فی النهایة استطاع الموفق بالله العباسی (278هـ) هزیمتهم، خلال حرب مرهقة استمرت لثلاث سنوات، أدت الى القضاء على حکومتهم التی امتدت نحو خمسة عشر عاماً. یتطرق هذا البحث إلى حدیث حول تکتیکات الموفق بالله العباسی ضد الزنوج و أسباب نجاحه فی ذلک، من خلال الاستناد على المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی. و وفقا لنتائج هذا البحث، فإن أهم التکتیکات الناجحة کانت: الیقظة و منع الوقوع فی کمائن الزنج، توفیر المعدات العسکریة اللازمة کالسفن الحربیة التی تساعد على خوض المعارک فی الأنهار و الخنادق و المستنقعات، تنظیم نفقات مسؤولی الخلافة، الدفع المستمر لرواتب العسکریین المشارکین فی الحرب، إعطاء الأمان للزنوج الهاربین و تحدید مصیرهم، و الاستفادة من معلوماتهم العسکریة و الأمنیة، بالإضافة إلى ذلک، تحریر الأسیرات المسلمات اللاتی وقعن فی قبضة الزنج، و کسب ثقة الشعب من خلال اعادة ترمیم الطرق و الجسور و العمل على الازدهار التجاری فی الأماکن التی تمت السیطرة علیها.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الزنوج
  • علی بن محمد (صاحب الزنج)
  • الموفق بالله
  • خوزستان
  • جنوب العراق

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