Treasury and Its Connection with the Political System in the Islamic History

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D in Political Science, Iran, Law School, Theology and Political Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Iran

10.22081/hiq.2020.57218.2019

Abstract

Treasury and its related resources have always been considered as one of the most controversial economic-political issues in the Islamic history. The assets of the Treasury have even led to the widespread political conflicts in several cases. In the historical background of Muslims, the institution of collecting and distributing tribute, booty, and resources from the fi’ and anfal wars has been similar to the national treasury in the contemporary era. The public treasury is an economic issue in itself; but due to its role in creating civil adjustment and balance through the political economy and economic policy, it is also considered an issue related to the political thought. The main question of this article is what kind of relationship the institution of the Treasury had with the old and new political systems throughout the Islamic history. The findings of research indicate that the old and new models of political systems differ in three domains of the public treasury and its custody, the plurality and unity of the treasury institution as well as the sources of treasury.

Keywords

Article Title [العربیة]

بیت المال وارتباطه بالنظام السیاسی فی تاریخ الإسلام

Abstract [العربیة]

لقد کان بیت المال والمصادر المرتبطة به، واحداً من أکثر القضایا الاقتصادیة والسیاسیة إثارة للجدل فی تاریخ الإسلام دائمًا. وقد أدت ممتلکات بیت المال، حتى فی عدة حالات، إلى صراعات سیاسیة واسعة النطاق.وفی الخلفیة التاریخیة للمسلمین، کانت مؤسسة جمع وتوزیع الجزیة، والغنائم، والموارد الناتجة عن الفیء، والأنفال تشبه مؤسسة مثل الخزانة الوطنیة فی العصر المعاصر. فبیت المال فی حد ذاته قضیة اقتصادیة؛ ولکن نظراً لدوره فی خلق التکیف والتوازن المدنی، من خلال الاقتصاد السیاسی والسیاسة الاقتصادیة، فإنها تعتبر أیضا قضیة تتعلق بالفکر السیاسی. والسؤال الرئیسی فی هذا المقال هو أنه من الناحیة التاریخیة، ما هی العلاقة بین مؤسسة بیت المال والنظام السیاسی القدیم والجدید عبر تاریخ الإسلام؟

وتشیر نتائج البحث إلى أن النموذجین القدیم والجدید للأنظمة السیاسیة بینهما اختلافات فی مجال بیت المال فی ثلاث حالات: إدارة بیت المال، وتعدد أو وحدة مؤسسة بیت المال، وموارد بیت المال

Keywords [العربیة]

  • بیت المال
  • النظام الاقتصادی
  • العدالة السیاسیة
  • المقاسمة
  • الممتلکات العامة

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