Political-Social Relations of Yemeni Iranians (Abna') in the first three centuries A. H)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate professor of history, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

2 Ph. D in history of Iran after Islam, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

10.22081/hiq.2021.55121.1944

Abstract

One of the issues worthy of research in the history of Iranians' relations with Islam is the political and social relations of Iranians with Yemenis and their role in the development of Zeidiyeh government in that region. Zeidiyeh as a Shiite sect emerged in the early second century A. H in time of Umayyad. Before the arrival of Islam in Yemen, Khosrow I (628- 570 A. D) sent an army to that land due to the request of Saif bin e- Zi Yazan, the ruler of Yemen. This army, under the command of Vaharz Deilami, settled in the same region after the war with Ahbash and their expulsion from Yemen. This Iranian minority, who became known as "Abna'", were able to become the absolute rulers of those areas. In the 6th year A. H, one of the Iranian governors of Yemen named "Bazan" converted to Islam and following this event, a large group of Iranians and San'a tribes converted to Islam with no war or bloodshed.
This article, relying on the method of historical research based on description and analysis, seeks to explore the role of Iranians in Zeidiyeh government of Yemen and their relations with this government from the beginning to the third century A. H. The findings of the research show that the Iranians were of important role in the development of Zeidiyeh government and this action was a kind of reaction against the Islamic caliphate. Moreover, the greatest service that the Abna' provided in favor of Islam was the suppression of Ahle Raddah and other seditions that the Islamic society was suffering from at that time.

Keywords

Article Title [العربیة]

العلاقات السیاسیة الاجتماعیة الایـرانیة الیمنیة (الأبنـاء) خلال القرون الثلاث الأولى للهجرة

Abstract [العربیة]

من المواضیع البحثیة المهمة فی تاریخ علاقة الإیرانیین بالإسلام، هی العلاقات السیاسیة و الإجتماعیة للإیرانیین و الیمنیین، و دورها فی تشکیل الحکومة الزیدیة فی تلک المنطقة. و الزیدیة هی فرقة شیعیة، ظهرت أوائل القرن الثانی للهجرة إبان عصر الدولة الأمویة. قبل ظهور الإسلام فی الیمن، قام کسری (خسرو) الأول (570ـ628م) بإرسال جیش الى الیمن، بطلب من سیف بن ذی یزن، حاکم الیمن فی تلک الفترة، و قد استقر الجیش بقیادة وَهَرز الدیلمی فی تلک المنطقة بعد انتهاء الحرب مع الأحباش و اخراجهم من الیمن. هذه الأقلیة الإیرانیة المعروفة بالأبناء، استطاعت أن تحکم تلک النواحی بشکل مطلق. فی السنة السادسة للهجرة، قام "باذان" و هو أحد الولاة الإیرانیین فی الیمن بإعلان إسلامه، مما أدى إلى دخول عدد کبیر من الإیرانیین الإسلام، بالإضافة إلى قبائل صنعاء، و کان إسلامهم بشکل تلقائی و بدون حرب أو سفک للدماء.



فی هذه المقالة یدور الحدیث حول دور الإیرانیین فی الحکومة الزیدیة فی الیمن، و علاقتهم بتلک الحکومة منذ بدایتها حتى القرن الثالث الهجری، و ذلک من خلال الاستناد الى المنهج التاریخی البحثی المبنی على الوصف و التحلیل. و فی النتیجة یمکن القول بأنّ للإیرانیین دورا مهما فی تشکیل الحکومة الزیدیة، و هذا الدور کان ردة فعل مقابل الخلافة الإسلامیة. کما أنّ أکبر خدمة قاموا بها بحق الإسلام هی القضاء على أهل الردة و باقی الفتن التی کانت تهدد المجتمع الإسلامی فی تلک الفترة.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • إیران قبل الإسلام
  • الیمن
  • الأبناء
  • الزیدیة
  • تاریخ التشیع

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