Hema, An Environmental Law in the Prophetic Government and the Process of its Development up to the End of Ottoman Caliphate

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate professor of history department, Tehran University

2 Ph. D candidate of history of Islam, Tehran University

10.22081/hiq.2020.69374

Abstract

The increasing trend of the annihilation of environment led to its investigation in the researches as well as the theoretical and field studies by the human communities particularly the governments and the increase of studies on the preservation of environment consequently. Considering the primary environmental policy making of the Islamic governments, the present article is to answer the question related to the kinds of regulations developed in regard with the environment. Taking advantage of the descriptive approach and the primary historical sources, this research is to historically investigate the data in order to present new analyses in this regard. According to the articles, the governments of early Islam from the Prophetic government up to the end of Ottoman caliphate took step towards preserving the environment focusing on Hema law while it was not of constantly applied in the discourse of preserving and supporting the nature. Hence, Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) developed a law applicable in favor of the preservation of environment by changing the definition of Hema which was the preferred by sheikhs of tribes in the age of ignorance. The administration of this law was pursued by the late governments but the difference in the view of Prophet and caliphs towards various phenomena particularly the environment and its related issues led to the adjustment of Hema which was not in line with the preservation of environment

Keywords

Article Title [العربیة]

الحمی؛ قانون الحفاظ علی البیئة فی الحکومة النبویة و تطوره حتى خلافة عثمان

Abstract [العربیة]

إن التخریب و الدمار الهائل الذی تشهدها الیوم البیئة أسفرت عن قیام المجتمعات و الحکومات بدراسات میدانیة و نظریة عنها و الزیادة فیها.
تسعی هذه المقالة جاهدة مع ترکیزها علی البعد التشریعی للقوانین البیئیة
فی الحکم الإسلامی الأول أن تجیب علی نوعیة العلاقة لتلک القوانین بالبیئة عبر توظیفها للمنهج الوصفی - التأریخی فی محاولة جادة أن تعطی تحلیلا جدیدا فی هذا الجانب و تری أن الحکم الإسلامی الأول من العهد النبوی حتی العهد العثمانی کان یرکز علی قانون الحمی و المحمیة حفاظ علی البیئة لکن ما کان یطبق باستمرار رغم أنه یعد خطوة هامة آنذاک.
تأسیسا علی ذلک أن النبی(ص) عبر التغییر فی قانون الحمی الذی کان یؤمن مصالح وجهاءالقبیلة شرع قانونا یحمی البیئة. فقد کانت الدول المتعاقبة تطبق هذاالقانون. لکن الاختلاف فی وجهات النظر للخلفاء و اجتهادهم أحدث تطورا
فی مفهوم الحمی و أبعده عن مفهومه الأول الرامی للحفاظ علی البیئة.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • : النبی
  • الحفاظ علی البیئة
  • الحمی
  • الجاهلیة
  • الحکم الإسلامی الأول
History of Islam
Volume 21, Issue 83 - Serial Number 83
September 2020
Pages 43-76

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