From the beginning of the third century, it began the invasions of northern races – Normans- to Europe. These races ruthless and proficient in war plundered a great part of Europe and consequently, it led to the frailty and collapse of the countries like France and England. The Umayyad’s state of Andolos was also affected by these attacks and the Waiking sailors frequently attacked to Spain. The Umayyad tolerated a lot of losses however due to the existence of a powerful and concentrated state; they could promptly remove their defensive weak points. To prevent Normans’ attack, Umayyad of Andlos considered the establishment of a united governmental navy as well as the strengthening of the coasts of streams and the western sea being later considered as the main element in the commercial progress of Andolos Sea. This research is to clarify the relationships of Andolos and Normans as well as the effect of these relations on Umayyad of Andolos.
khakran, S., & Mohammadi Qanatqestani, M. (2012). A Comparative Study on the Effect of Political - Military Relationships of Umayyad of Andolos and Normans with France and England. History of Islam, 13(Issue 50), 213-238.
MLA
Shokrollah khakran; Mahdi Mohammadi Qanatqestani. "A Comparative Study on the Effect of Political - Military Relationships of Umayyad of Andolos and Normans with France and England", History of Islam, 13, Issue 50, 2012, 213-238.
HARVARD
khakran, S., Mohammadi Qanatqestani, M. (2012). 'A Comparative Study on the Effect of Political - Military Relationships of Umayyad of Andolos and Normans with France and England', History of Islam, 13(Issue 50), pp. 213-238.
VANCOUVER
khakran, S., Mohammadi Qanatqestani, M. A Comparative Study on the Effect of Political - Military Relationships of Umayyad of Andolos and Normans with France and England. History of Islam, 2012; 13(Issue 50): 213-238.
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