The Renaissance which was the fruit of the European thinkers' efforts, beginnig in the 14th and lasting into the 17th century, was to a great extent indebted to the Islamic culture and civilizaiton. Europe's turn to the translaiton of Muslim scientific texts for access to the latest human knowledge became the foundation of many scientific studies in many European countries. As a result, in the age of Renaissance and thereafter, during the industrial Revolution, works of Muslim scientists were used as textbooks by universities in Europe. The outset of the translation movement concided with the begining of the military compaign to take back Spain from the Muslims in Andalusia in the 11th century and reached its peak in the next century to come.
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