Baqir al-Olum UniversityHistory of Islam2008-643125120240329Typology and Quantitative Study of the Application of the Concept of “Jahiliah” (Ignorance) in the Statements of the Innocents (PBUH)Typology and Quantitative Study of the Application of the Concept of “Jahiliah” (Ignorance) in the Statements of the Innocents (PBUH)7417608610.22081/hiq.2023.56038.1975FAMohammad AliTohidiniaدانشگاه باقرالعلوم علیه السلامJournal Article20191115The term “Jahiliah” (Ignorance) is the most important and obvious term used to describe the social structure and behavioral, moral and religious characteristics of the people of the Hijaz region during the years before the advent of Islam. A review of Shia hadith sources declares that the infallibles (pbuh) have also used this term in their statements on many issues and in various instances. In the following article, firstly, the typology and then the quantitative and comparative analysis of the classified news are mentioned, and its results are used in order to achieve the general framework of the thought of the innocents (PBUT) about the age of “Jahiliah” (Ignorance), rereading the instances and how of remembering the period of “Jahiliah” (Ignorance). The results of the research show that the views of the Innocents (PBUT) about the Age of “Jahiliah” (Ignorance) are aligned with each other; the difference is that this term was used by each of the innocents in accordance with different purposes, and the fact that it was used in a few or many cases in different periods, as well as the delay in the variety of topics and examples, can provide new insights about the perspective of the innocents (PBUT) towards the concept of ignorance.The term “Jahiliah” (Ignorance) is the most important and obvious term used to describe the social structure and behavioral, moral and religious characteristics of the people of the Hijaz region during the years before the advent of Islam. A review of Shia hadith sources declares that the infallibles (pbuh) have also used this term in their statements on many issues and in various instances. In the following article, firstly, the typology and then the quantitative and comparative analysis of the classified news are mentioned, and its results are used in order to achieve the general framework of the thought of the innocents (PBUT) about the age of “Jahiliah” (Ignorance), rereading the instances and how of remembering the period of “Jahiliah” (Ignorance). The results of the research show that the views of the Innocents (PBUT) about the Age of “Jahiliah” (Ignorance) are aligned with each other; the difference is that this term was used by each of the innocents in accordance with different purposes, and the fact that it was used in a few or many cases in different periods, as well as the delay in the variety of topics and examples, can provide new insights about the perspective of the innocents (PBUT) towards the concept of ignorance.https://hiq.bou.ac.ir/article_76086_4b840f00ba3f1a2c60b178a68d736a75.pdfBaqir al-Olum UniversityHistory of Islam2008-643125120240329The Role of Customs and requirements of Time in Issuing Non-religious Decrees in the Age of Presence; A Case Study of the Process of Issuing Temporary Marriage DecreeThe Role of Customs and requirements of Time in Issuing Non-religious Decrees in the Age of Presence; A Case Study of the Process of Issuing Temporary Marriage Decree43747608710.22081/hiq.2022.58032.2060FARohollahTohidiniaFaculty member of hozeh and university institute of Qom, IranRasoolJafarianProfessor of history department, University of Tehran, IranMostafaDaneshpajohProfessor of Law and Jurisprudence department, Hozeh and university institute of Qom, IranJournal Article20200621Paying attention to the role of custom and the requirements of time in issuing non-religious decrees can provide the grounds for the researchers of Islamic sciences. Despite conducting numerous researches on "temporary marriage" and the efforts made to analyze its jurisprudential, theological and social dimensions, it seems that the basis for issuing these decrees has not been investigated as it should be. However, since the first years of Hijri, the decrees of temporary marriage have been disputed by the issuers of decrees and are among the most challenging issues among the ordinaries and Imami religions. The present article, done through the descriptive method, tries to illustrate the process and mechanism of issuing these decrees in the era of the Prophet (PBUH), Caliphs and Imams (PBUH). The results of the research clarify the serious effect of the common rules among the people, as well as the political and social conditions of the era of the Imamate (A.S) in issuing obligatory and preferential decrees on temporary marriage.Paying attention to the role of custom and the requirements of time in issuing non-religious decrees can provide the grounds for the researchers of Islamic sciences. Despite conducting numerous researches on "temporary marriage" and the efforts made to analyze its jurisprudential, theological and social dimensions, it seems that the basis for issuing these decrees has not been investigated as it should be. However, since the first years of Hijri, the decrees of temporary marriage have been disputed by the issuers of decrees and are among the most challenging issues among the ordinaries and Imami religions. The present article, done through the descriptive method, tries to illustrate the process and mechanism of issuing these decrees in the era of the Prophet (PBUH), Caliphs and Imams (PBUH). The results of the research clarify the serious effect of the common rules among the people, as well as the political and social conditions of the era of the Imamate (A.S) in issuing obligatory and preferential decrees on temporary marriage.https://hiq.bou.ac.ir/article_76087_17fa736b828e3c99fc2599092694c35a.pdfBaqir al-Olum UniversityHistory of Islam2008-643125120240329The Role of Ahmad ibn Hanbal's Beliefs in Dealing with Historical Narratives related to the First CaliphsThe Role of Ahmad ibn Hanbal's Beliefs in Dealing with Historical Narratives related to the First Caliphs751007608810.22081/hiq.2023.57470.2032FAMohamadhoseinKazemiPh. D in history of Islam, Baqir al-Olum university, Qom, Iran.SeyedHoseinFallahzadeAssociate professor of Baqir al-Olum University, Qom, IranJournal Article20200622The narrations provided by Ahmad ibn Hanbal (241 A. H) about the first caliphs would be accessible in his works and those of the hadith scholars. Based on these works, the present study examines his beliefs about the first caliphs in four axes: companionship, order of grace, caliphate and the how of remembering them. To achieve this goal, the data has been collected by the library method and then explained by the descriptive-analytical method of research. This research clarifys that Ahmad bin Hanbal adheres to the special position of early caliphs in terms of companionship, to the grace of early caliphs towards Amir al - Momenin (A. S) regarding order of grace and superiority, and to the order of occurance of historical events in the statement of events and to the narration of virtues and avoidance of backbiting in remembering of caliphs.The narrations provided by Ahmad ibn Hanbal (241 A. H) about the first caliphs would be accessible in his works and those of the hadith scholars. Based on these works, the present study examines his beliefs about the first caliphs in four axes: companionship, order of grace, caliphate and the how of remembering them. To achieve this goal, the data has been collected by the library method and then explained by the descriptive-analytical method of research. This research clarifys that Ahmad bin Hanbal adheres to the special position of early caliphs in terms of companionship, to the grace of early caliphs towards Amir al - Momenin (A. S) regarding order of grace and superiority, and to the order of occurance of historical events in the statement of events and to the narration of virtues and avoidance of backbiting in remembering of caliphs.https://hiq.bou.ac.ir/article_76088_ef249f7e2877fb4de781f18b1c91dabe.pdfBaqir al-Olum UniversityHistory of Islam2008-643125120240329Political-Social Relations of Yemeni Iranians (Abna') in the first three centuries A. H)Political-Social Relations of Yemeni Iranians (Abna') in the first three centuries A. H)1011187255110.22081/hiq.2021.55121.1944FAAbdorrafiRahimiAssociate professor of history, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, IranZahraTaheriPh. D in history of Iran after Islam, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, IranJournal Article20190724One of the issues worthy of research in the history of Iranians' relations with Islam is the political and social relations of Iranians with Yemenis and their role in the development of Zeidiyeh government in that region. Zeidiyeh as a Shiite sect emerged in the early second century A. H in time of Umayyad. Before the arrival of Islam in Yemen, Khosrow I (628- 570 A. D) sent an army to that land due to the request of Saif bin e- Zi Yazan, the ruler of Yemen. This army, under the command of Vaharz Deilami, settled in the same region after the war with Ahbash and their expulsion from Yemen. This Iranian minority, who became known as "Abna'", were able to become the absolute rulers of those areas. In the 6th year A. H, one of the Iranian governors of Yemen named "Bazan" converted to Islam and following this event, a large group of Iranians and San'a tribes converted to Islam with no war or bloodshed.<br />This article, relying on the method of historical research based on description and analysis, seeks to explore the role of Iranians in Zeidiyeh government of Yemen and their relations with this government from the beginning to the third century A. H. The findings of the research show that the Iranians were of important role in the development of Zeidiyeh government and this action was a kind of reaction against the Islamic caliphate. Moreover, the greatest service that the Abna' provided in favor of Islam was the suppression of Ahle Raddah and other seditions that the Islamic society was suffering from at that time.One of the issues worthy of research in the history of Iranians' relations with Islam is the political and social relations of Iranians with Yemenis and their role in the development of Zeidiyeh government in that region. Zeidiyeh as a Shiite sect emerged in the early second century A. H in time of Umayyad. Before the arrival of Islam in Yemen, Khosrow I (628- 570 A. D) sent an army to that land due to the request of Saif bin e- Zi Yazan, the ruler of Yemen. This army, under the command of Vaharz Deilami, settled in the same region after the war with Ahbash and their expulsion from Yemen. This Iranian minority, who became known as "Abna'", were able to become the absolute rulers of those areas. In the 6th year A. H, one of the Iranian governors of Yemen named "Bazan" converted to Islam and following this event, a large group of Iranians and San'a tribes converted to Islam with no war or bloodshed.<br />This article, relying on the method of historical research based on description and analysis, seeks to explore the role of Iranians in Zeidiyeh government of Yemen and their relations with this government from the beginning to the third century A. H. The findings of the research show that the Iranians were of important role in the development of Zeidiyeh government and this action was a kind of reaction against the Islamic caliphate. Moreover, the greatest service that the Abna' provided in favor of Islam was the suppression of Ahle Raddah and other seditions that the Islamic society was suffering from at that time.https://hiq.bou.ac.ir/article_72551_e907c45d7ab6ae17edd0a4a2cab9e15d.pdfBaqir al-Olum UniversityHistory of Islam2008-643125120240329Reflecting the Social Situation of Iran in the Historiography of the Safavid Era ; A Case Study of Tarikh e Alam Aray e AbbasiReflecting the Social Situation of Iran in the Historiography of the Safavid Era ; A Case Study of Tarikh e Alam Aray e Abbasi1191417608910.22081/hiq.2021.59228.2103FANedaKabehPh. D candidate of history and civilization of Islamic nations, Islamic Azad University, Khomein Branch, Khomein, IranHosseinKhosraviAssistant professor of Maaref department, faculty of humanities, Islamic Azad University, Khomein Branch, Khomein, IranSohrabEslamiAssistant professor of Maaref department, faculty of humanities, Islamic Azad university, Arak Branch, Arak, IranJournal Article20201102The historical texts of Safavid Middle time, from the beginning of the government of Shah Abbas I (978-1038 A. H) to the end of his life, have an approach towards social history different from the historical sources of the first period. The writing of these texts in time of peace, security and stability has made writers pay more attention to the social and cultural issues than usual. Tarikh e- Alam Aray e- Abbasi, compiled by Skanderbeik Monshi (1043- 968 A. H), is one of the important sources of historiography in the era of Shah Abbas I. This research aims to investigate its approach towards the various social issues such as the social classes, people's relations with the government and the social consequences of war relying on the descriptive-analytical method of research.The historical texts of Safavid Middle time, from the beginning of the government of Shah Abbas I (978-1038 A. H) to the end of his life, have an approach towards social history different from the historical sources of the first period. The writing of these texts in time of peace, security and stability has made writers pay more attention to the social and cultural issues than usual. Tarikh e- Alam Aray e- Abbasi, compiled by Skanderbeik Monshi (1043- 968 A. H), is one of the important sources of historiography in the era of Shah Abbas I. This research aims to investigate its approach towards the various social issues such as the social classes, people's relations with the government and the social consequences of war relying on the descriptive-analytical method of research.https://hiq.bou.ac.ir/article_76089_5b998051215e3868b3e7a570226cd909.pdfBaqir al-Olum UniversityHistory of Islam2008-643125120240329A Reflection on the Arrangements of the Safavids in Providing Security and taking care of the Hajj routesA Reflection on the Arrangements of the Safavids in Providing Security and taking care of the Hajj routes1431757609010.22081/hiq.2024.55114.1945FAAlirezaFalahatiPh. D in History and Civilization of Islamic Nations, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, IranShahrbanooDelbaryAssociate professor of history, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, IranArdeshirAsadbeigiAssociate professor of history, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20190730Safavids (1135- 907 A. H) took important measures in regard with the political, military, economic and religious fields in order to give legitimacy to their government. Since facilitating and securing the Hajj journey was always considered one of the main components of stable power in Islamic societies, Safavids, while establishing stable security at the borders and communication network of their territory, paid a lot of attention to the construction and repair of communicative roads especially pilgrimage routes.<br /> Taking advantages of the descriptive-analytical method of research, the question has been answered on the extent the attention of Safavids towards establishing the security of the Hajj routes and pursuing the demands of the pilgrims eas effective on the prosperity of the Hajj. The findings of this research clarify that although the Safavids in some years prohibited Iranians from going to Hajj for some reasons; at the same time, in order to gain legitimacy and to strengthen their government, they paid special attention to the virtue of Hajj and the security of roads and they pursued the demands of Iranian pilgrims from the Ottomans (1342- 699) and the rulers of the Hajj route, and this led to the prosperity of trade, the prosperity of caravanserais and highways, as well as the elimination of unemployment.Safavids (1135- 907 A. H) took important measures in regard with the political, military, economic and religious fields in order to give legitimacy to their government. Since facilitating and securing the Hajj journey was always considered one of the main components of stable power in Islamic societies, Safavids, while establishing stable security at the borders and communication network of their territory, paid a lot of attention to the construction and repair of communicative roads especially pilgrimage routes.<br /> Taking advantages of the descriptive-analytical method of research, the question has been answered on the extent the attention of Safavids towards establishing the security of the Hajj routes and pursuing the demands of the pilgrims eas effective on the prosperity of the Hajj. The findings of this research clarify that although the Safavids in some years prohibited Iranians from going to Hajj for some reasons; at the same time, in order to gain legitimacy and to strengthen their government, they paid special attention to the virtue of Hajj and the security of roads and they pursued the demands of Iranian pilgrims from the Ottomans (1342- 699) and the rulers of the Hajj route, and this led to the prosperity of trade, the prosperity of caravanserais and highways, as well as the elimination of unemployment.https://hiq.bou.ac.ir/article_76090_5563f24624882270a58bd7675fbb7b37.pdfBaqir al-Olum UniversityHistory of Islam2008-643125120240320The Role of Local Families in the Developments of Shushtar in Time of Afsharieh and ZandiyehThe Role of Local Families in the Developments of Shushtar in Time of Afsharieh and Zandiyeh1772047609110.22081/hiq.2021.53631.1884FAHamidAssadpourAssistant professor of Persian Gulf University of Bushehr, Bushehr, IranMasoudValiarabPh. D candidate of history of Iran after Islam, Persian Gulf University of Bushehr, Bushehr, IranJournal Article20190224In time of Afsharieh and Zandiyeh, many tensions and conflicts occured in Iran with the centrality of the local families. The effects of these conflicts can be seen in different regions, including Shushtar. The political and social developments in Shushtar happened during this period, with the centrality of Vakhushti Khan and Gorgin-beig e Gorgi, Ildrum-beig and native families such as the Arabs of Al-Kathir and Al-Mosha'sha'.<br />Taking advantages of the descriptive-analytical method of research and the library sources, this article seeks to answer the question on the role of local families in the political and social developments of Shushtar during the Afsharieh and Zandiye periods. The findings of the research clarify that the local families were effective in the political and social developments to the extent of their influence in governance and military power. The false story of Safi Mirzai, the rebellion against Nader Shah, the massacre of the people of Shushtar and the forced migration of its people to Khorasan were among the issues in which the local family of Shushtar played an effective role.In time of Afsharieh and Zandiyeh, many tensions and conflicts occured in Iran with the centrality of the local families. The effects of these conflicts can be seen in different regions, including Shushtar. The political and social developments in Shushtar happened during this period, with the centrality of Vakhushti Khan and Gorgin-beig e Gorgi, Ildrum-beig and native families such as the Arabs of Al-Kathir and Al-Mosha'sha'.<br />Taking advantages of the descriptive-analytical method of research and the library sources, this article seeks to answer the question on the role of local families in the political and social developments of Shushtar during the Afsharieh and Zandiye periods. The findings of the research clarify that the local families were effective in the political and social developments to the extent of their influence in governance and military power. The false story of Safi Mirzai, the rebellion against Nader Shah, the massacre of the people of Shushtar and the forced migration of its people to Khorasan were among the issues in which the local family of Shushtar played an effective role.https://hiq.bou.ac.ir/article_76091_4fc6dd1fc6aacc03648b9a8f3a9cb230.pdf