دانشگاه باقرالعلوم (ع) تاریخ اسلام 2008-6431 27 2 2026 09 21 The Political Organization of the Hammudid State and Its Role in Linking Their Political Power and Religious Identity تشکیلات سیاسی دولت حمودیان و نقش آن در پیوند قدرت سیاسی و هویت دینی آنان 231 264 80436 10.22081/hiq.2026.71311.2447 FA سید رضا هدایتی دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه تاریخ، دانشگاه باقرالعلوم (ع)،قم، ایران (پژوهشگر در جایگاه هیئت علمی، پژوهشگاه علوم و فرهنگ اسلامی، قم، ایران) حمید رضا مطهری دانشیار پژوهشکده تاریخ و سیره اهل بیت(ع)، پژوهشگاه علوم و فرهنگ اسلامی، قم، ایران Journal Article 2026 04 13 The Hammudid state of Andalusia (407–446 AH) emerged at one of the most sensitive junctures in the political history of the western Islamic world, simultaneously with the collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba. This government, relying on its Alid (ʿAlawī) lineage and taking advantage of the existing vacuum of political legitimacy, endeavored to present a new model of the caliphate in Andalusia while preserving territorial integrity. The present study, adopting an analytical approach and based on historical sources, examines the structure of the Hammudid political organization and its role in organizing power, conferring legitimacy, and giving direction to the cultural and religious developments of Andalusia. The examinations indicate that the Hammudids, in administering the government, were compelled to preserve a significant portion of the Umayyad bureaucratic heritage and institutions such as the caliphate, the ḥijāba (chamberlainship), the vizierate, the judiciary, and other administrative dīvāns, since these organizations constituted the only tested and efficient model for administering Andalusian society. Nevertheless, they did not merely replicate these structures; rather, relying on the symbolic capital of their attribution to the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) and their emphasis on Alid (ʿAlawī) identity, they endowed these institutions with a new function and utilized them to reconstruct political and social legitimacy. At the institutional level, the caliphate in the Hammudid state was the axis of political unity and the symbol of the nexus between power and religious legitimacy, and institutions such as the ḥijāba, the vizierate, and the shūrā (consultative council) alongside it played an important role in organizing executive affairs and maintaining the coherence of the government. In the judicial domain as well, although the Hammudids, due to the predominance of Maliki jurisprudence in Andalusia, were compelled to employ Maliki jurists in judicial positions and the administration of religious affairs, this necessity did not prevent them from adopting a different approach in the cultural and ideological sphere. By availing themselves of the capacities of literati, poets, and panegyrists, they prepared the ground for the introduction and promotion of the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) and the reflection of Alid ideas in the public sphere. One of the most important achievements of this policy was the creation of an atmosphere in which poems and literary works related to the praise of Amīr al-Mu'minīn ʿAlī (AS), the elegies of Imam Husayn (AS), and the extolling of the family of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his household) found greater opportunity for expression than before. Under conditions in which the political and religious atmosphere of Andalusia was dominated by official traditions and intellectual restrictions, this approach gradually created an aperture for the strengthening of Alid and Shi'i tendencies and the expression of the identity of the lovers of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), and gathered around the new government a portion of the cultural elite and the strata dissatisfied with the previous structure. From this perspective, the role of the Hammudids was not limited to political administration, but also became significant in the re-creation of the cultural and religious discourse of Andalusia. The findings of the research also indicate that the political organization of the Hammudids was founded upon a kind of synthesis between the administrative heritage of the past, Alid legitimacy, and military coalitions. This combination was able, during the short period of their rule, to provide the ground for the administration of the country and the redefinition of the concept of the caliphate, and to offer a different model of interaction among politics, religion, and culture. Although the turbulent conditions of Andalusia, political rivalries, and military conflicts prevented the complete consolidation of this experience, its cultural and identity-related effects persisted beyond the political lifespan of the government. In sum, the present study demonstrates that the importance of the Hammudid state should not be sought merely in the extent of its political durability; rather, the true value of this government lies in its effort to link the existing administrative structure with Alid identity, to create opportunities for the emergence and expansion of the discourse of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), and to open a new horizon in the intellectual and cultural life of Andalusia. Accordingly, the Hammudids may be regarded as an important link in the evolution of Andalusian political and religious thought and an influential experience in redefining the relationship among power, legitimacy, and culture in the history of the western Islamic world. این پژوهش به بررسی ساختار تشکیلات سیاسی دولت حمودیان اندلس (۴۰۷–۴۴۶ق) و نقش آن در سازمان‌دهی قدرت و بازتعریف مشروعیت سیاسی در عصر فروپاشی خلافت اموی می‌پردازد. حمودیان با وجود بهره‌گیری از بخشی از میراث اداری و دیوانی حکومت‌های پیشین، توانستند با تکیه بر انتساب علوی و هویت شیعی، الگویی متفاوت از حکمرانی را در فضای سیاسی و مذهبی اندلس عرضه کنند. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که نهادهایی چون خلافت، حجابت، وزارت، قضاوت و مشاورت نه تنها در اداره حکومت نقش داشتند، بلکه در خدمت تقویت مشروعیت و ایجاد پیوند میان قدرت سیاسی و هویت دینی قرار گرفتند. هرچند حمودیان به سبب سیطره فقه مالکی در اندلس ناگزیر بودند در مناصب قضایی و اداری از عالمان مالکی بهره گیرند، اما در عرصه فرهنگی و تبلیغی با حمایت از شاعران، ادیبان و مدیحه‌سرایان، زمینه گسترش گفتمان علوی و تقویت گرایش‌های شیعی را فراهم ساختند. این امر افق تازه‌ای در حیات فرهنگی اندلس گشود و برای بخشی از جامعه، به‌ویژه دوستداران اهل‌بیت(عهم) و ناراضیان از حکومت‌های پیشین، روزنه‌ای از امید و هویت‌بخشی ایجاد کرد. تجربه حمودیان نشان می‌دهد که تلفیق میراث اداری گذشته با بهره‌گیری از سرمایه نمادین اهل‌بیت(عهم) و سیاست‌های فرهنگی هدفمند، جایگاهی متمایز برای این دولت در تاریخ سیاسی و فرهنگی اندلس رقم زده است.

https://hiq.bou.ac.ir/article_80436_19f6bd437f6f61c6195a7a9fdc09198e.pdf