Baqir al-Olum University History of Islam 2008-6431 26 4 2025 12 22 The Role of Historical Events in the Era of the Three Caliphs in Culturally Paving the Way for the Emergence and Acceptance of the Idea of "Al-Haqq leman Ghalab" The Role of Historical Events in the Era of the Three Caliphs in Culturally Paving the Way for the Emergence and Acceptance of the Idea of "Al-Haqq leman Ghalab" 56 35 79704 10.22081/hiq.2023.62908.2234 FA Sayed Mohamad Mahdi Musavi Nejad Ph.D. Student, Faculty of History and Islamic Culture and Civilization, University of Islamic Sciences, Qom, Iran AmirMohsen Erfan Assistant Professor, University of Islamic Sciences, Qom, Iran. Journal Article 2022 01 07 The viewpoint of "Al-Haqq leman Ghalab” emerged during the Umayyad era and legitimized the Muslim governance system for an extended period. Historical research has largely overlooked the cultural factors contributing to the development and prevalence of this concept. Culture is a continuous and dynamic entity; the preceding culture and the accumulation of imported cultures within a society shape its subsequent cultural landscape. It is certain that this ideology has pre-existing cultural foundations. The aim of this research is to investigate the susceptible cultural factors for the emergence of "Al-Haqq leman Ghalab" the "right belongs to the victor" ideology in the era of the first three Caliphs. This study seeks to answer the question on what cultural foundations the historical events of <br />this era provided the acceptance of the "Al-Haqq leman Ghalab" notion. This article is a historical research employing an analytical history approach. Due to the connection between the early Islamic period and theological issues, as well as the role of theology and values in the ideology of "right belongs to the victor," this research has utilized theological and social psychology perspectives. The study is predicated on the assumption that a weak belief in divine legislative guidance, coupled with the dominance of material values in society, forms the cultural core of this ideology. In this sense, the ideology posits that God approves of those with material superiority and deems their political power and governance legitimate. This thought suggests that God offers no guidance regarding politics and governance, leaving it to those with material superiority. Furthermore, this premise implies that a weak heartfelt belief or a weak hope in divine legislative guidance within society removes an infinite anchor for hearts, leading individuals to despair in fulfilling their extensive spiritual and material needs and focusing only on their limited desires. Consequently, material values, which are inherently limited, gain dominance. The results indicate that the weak belief in the despair of divine legislative guidance, along with the prevalence of material values as the cultural core of the "Al-Haqq leman Ghalab" ideology, were fostered by a series of cultural grounds shaped by the certain historical events of the era of the first three Caliphs. These grounds are divided into two categories: foundational factors and accelerating factors. The foundational factors, which laid the groundwork for the cultural core of the "right belongs to the victor" ideology, include a lack of belief in the religious authority in the political governance and the centrality of material values in political superiority. However, the accelerating factors, which sped up the production of the cultural core of this ideology and finalized its construction, include the weakening of religious zeal and the onset of sectarianism. The foundational factors, by separating governance from the source of divine legislative guidance and prioritizing material values, provided the necessary ground for the cultural acceptance of the "right belongs to the victor" ideology. The accelerating factors, however, deprived Muslims of the motivation to adhere to divine legislative guidance and led to forgetting the importance of belief in this guidance. The viewpoint of "Al-Haqq leman Ghalab” emerged during the Umayyad era and legitimized the Muslim governance system for an extended period. Historical research has largely overlooked the cultural factors contributing to the development and prevalence of this concept. Culture is a continuous and dynamic entity; the preceding culture and the accumulation of imported cultures within a society shape its subsequent cultural landscape. It is certain that this ideology has pre-existing cultural foundations. The aim of this research is to investigate the susceptible cultural factors for the emergence of "Al-Haqq leman Ghalab" the "right belongs to the victor" ideology in the era of the first three Caliphs. This study seeks to answer the question on what cultural foundations the historical events of <br />this era provided the acceptance of the "Al-Haqq leman Ghalab" notion. This article is a historical research employing an analytical history approach. Due to the connection between the early Islamic period and theological issues, as well as the role of theology and values in the ideology of "right belongs to the victor," this research has utilized theological and social psychology perspectives. The study is predicated on the assumption that a weak belief in divine legislative guidance, coupled with the dominance of material values in society, forms the cultural core of this ideology. In this sense, the ideology posits that God approves of those with material superiority and deems their political power and governance legitimate. This thought suggests that God offers no guidance regarding politics and governance, leaving it to those with material superiority. Furthermore, this premise implies that a weak heartfelt belief or a weak hope in divine legislative guidance within society removes an infinite anchor for hearts, leading individuals to despair in fulfilling their extensive spiritual and material needs and focusing only on their limited desires. Consequently, material values, which are inherently limited, gain dominance. The results indicate that the weak belief in the despair of divine legislative guidance, along with the prevalence of material values as the cultural core of the "Al-Haqq leman Ghalab" ideology, were fostered by a series of cultural grounds shaped by the certain historical events of the era of the first three Caliphs. These grounds are divided into two categories: foundational factors and accelerating factors. The foundational factors, which laid the groundwork for the cultural core of the "right belongs to the victor" ideology, include a lack of belief in the religious authority in the political governance and the centrality of material values in political superiority. However, the accelerating factors, which sped up the production of the cultural core of this ideology and finalized its construction, include the weakening of religious zeal and the onset of sectarianism. The foundational factors, by separating governance from the source of divine legislative guidance and prioritizing material values, provided the necessary ground for the cultural acceptance of the "right belongs to the victor" ideology. The accelerating factors, however, deprived Muslims of the motivation to adhere to divine legislative guidance and led to forgetting the importance of belief in this guidance. https://hiq.bou.ac.ir/article_79704_5218684fe5ce5f5d78915b66b707f720.pdf